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Compare Ghana (2001) - Bahamas, The (2004)

Compare Ghana (2001) z Bahamas, The (2004)

 Ghana (2001)Bahamas, The (2004)
 GhanaBahamas, The
Administrative divisions 10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western 21 districts; Acklins and Crooked Islands, Bimini, Cat Island, Exuma, Freeport, Fresh Creek, Governor's Harbour, Green Turtle Cay, Harbour Island, High Rock, Inagua, Kemps Bay, Long Island, Marsh Harbour, Mayaguana, New Providence, Nichollstown and Berry Islands, Ragged Island, Rock Sound, Sandy Point, San Salvador and Rum Cay
Age structure 0-14 years:
41.18% (male 4,123,317; female 4,068,786)

15-64 years:
55.35% (male 5,455,577; female 5,555,278)

65 years and over:
3.47% (male 328,809; female 362,247) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 28.3% (male 42,474; female 42,423)


15-64 years: 65.7% (male 96,825; female 99,985)


65 years and over: 6% (male 7,351; female 10,639) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products cocoa, rice, coffee, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, corn, shea nuts, bananas; timber citrus, vegetables; poultry
Airports 12 (2000 est.) 63 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
6

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total: 29


over 3,047 m: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 3


1,524 to 2,437 m: 14


914 to 1,523 m: 9


under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
6

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total: 34


1,524 to 2,437 m: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 10


under 914 m: 21 (2004 est.)
Area total:
238,540 sq km

land:
230,020 sq km

water:
8,520 sq km
total: 13,940 sq km


land: 10,070 sq km


water: 3,870 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Oregon slightly smaller than Connecticut
Background Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first country in colonial Africa to gain its independence. A long series of coups resulted in the suspension of the constitution in 1981 and the banning of political parties. A new constitution, restoring multiparty politics, was approved in 1992. Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS, head of state since 1981, won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996, but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. He was succeeded by John KUFUOR. Arawak Indians inhabited the islands when Christopher Columbus first set foot in the New World on San Salvador in 1492. British settlement of the islands began in 1647; the islands became a colony in 1783. Since attaining independence from the UK in 1973, The Bahamas have prospered through tourism and international banking and investment management. Because of its geography, the country is a major transshipment point for illegal drugs, particularly shipments to the US, and its territory is used for smuggling illegal migrants into the US.
Birth rate 28.95 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 18.22 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget revenues:
$1.39 billion

expenditures:
$1.47 billion, including capital expenditures of $370 million (1996 est.)
revenues: $918.5 million


expenditures: $956.5 million, including capital expenditures of $106.7 million (FY99/00)
Capital Accra Nassau
Climate tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream
Coastline 539 km 3,542 km
Constitution new constitution approved 28 April 1992 10 July 1973
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Ghana

conventional short form:
Ghana

former:
Gold Coast
conventional long form: Commonwealth of The Bahamas


conventional short form: The Bahamas
Currency cedi (GHC) Bahamian dollar (BSD)
Death rate 10.26 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 8.82 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external $7 billion (1999 est.) $308.5 million (2002)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Kathryn D. ROBINSON

embassy:
Ring Road East, East of Danquah Circle, Accra

mailing address:
P. O. Box 194, Accra

telephone:
[233] (21) 775348

FAX:
[233] (21) 776008
chief of mission: Ambassador John D. ROOD


embassy: 42 Queen Street, Nassau


mailing address: local or express mail address: P. O. Box N-8197, Nassau; Department of State, 3370 Nassau Place, Washington, DC 20521-3370


telephone: [1] (242) 322-1181, 328-2206 (after hours)


FAX: [1] (242) 356-0222
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Kobena KOOMSON

chancery:
3512 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 686-4520

FAX:
[1] (202) 686-4527

consulate(s) general:
New York
chief of mission: Ambassador Joshua SEARS


chancery: 2220 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 319-2660


FAX: [1] (202) 319-2668


consulate(s) general: Miami and New York
Disputes - international none concerned about migrants fleeing Haiti's deteriorated economic and political conditions
Economic aid - recipient $477.3 million (1995) $9.8 million (1995)
Economy - overview Well endowed with natural resources, Ghana has twice the per capita output of the poorer countries in West Africa. Even so, Ghana remains heavily dependent on international financial and technical assistance. Gold, timber, and cocoa production are major sources of foreign exchange. The domestic economy continues to revolve around subsistence agriculture, which accounts for 36% of GDP and employs 60% of the work force, mainly small landholders. In 1995-97, Ghana made mixed progress under a three-year structural adjustment program in cooperation with the IMF. On the minus side, public sector wage increases and regional peacekeeping commitments have led to continued inflationary deficit financing, depreciation of the cedi, and rising public discontent with Ghana's austerity measures. Political uncertainty and a depressed cocoa market led to disappointing growth in 2000. A rebound in the cocoa market should push growth over 4% in 2001-02. The Bahamas is a stable, developing nation with an economy heavily dependent on tourism and offshore banking. Tourism alone accounts for more than 60% of GDP and directly or indirectly employs half of the archipelago's labor force. Steady growth in tourism receipts and a boom in construction of new hotels, resorts, and residences had led to solid GDP growth in recent years, but the slowdown in the US economy and the attacks of 11 September 2001 held back growth in these sectors in 2001-03. Financial services constitute the second-most important sector of the Bahamian economy, accounting for about 15% of GDP. However, since December 2000, when the government enacted new regulations on the financial sector, many international businesses have left The Bahamas. Manufacturing and agriculture together contribute approximately a tenth of GDP and show little growth, despite government incentives aimed at those sectors. Overall growth prospects in the short run rest heavily on the fortunes of the tourism sector, which depends on growth in the US, the source of more than 80% of the visitors. In addition to tourism and banking, the government supports the development of a "third pillar," e-commerce.
Electricity - consumption 5.573 billion kWh (1999) 1.451 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 400 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 890 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 5.466 billion kWh (1999) 1.56 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
26.82%

hydro:
73.18%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
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Elevation extremes lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Mount Afadjato 880 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Alvernia, on Cat Island 63 m
Environment - current issues recent drought in north severely affecting agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water coral reef decay; solid waste disposal
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Marine Life Conservation
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups black African 99.8% (major tribes - Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba 16%, Ewe 13%, Ga 8%), European and other 0.2% black 85%, white 12%, Asian and Hispanic 3%
Exchange rates cedis per US dollar - 6,895.77 (January 2001), 5,321.68 (2000), 2,647.32 (1999), 2,314.15 (1998), 2,050.17 (1997), 1,637.23 (1996) Bahamian dollars per US dollar - 1 (2003), 1 (2002), 1 (2001), 1 (2000), 1 (1999)
Executive branch chief of state:
President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Council of Ministers; president nominates members subject to approval by Parliament

elections:
president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 7 and 28 December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2004)

election results:
John Agyekum KUFUOR elected president in runoff; percent of vote - John KUFUOR 56.4%, John Atta MILLS 43.6%
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Dame Ivy DUMONT (since NA May 2002)


head of government: Prime Minister Perry CHRISTIE (since 3 May 2002) and Deputy Prime Minister Cynthia PRATT (since 7 May 2002)


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the prime minister's recommendation


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; the prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister
Exports $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000) NA (2001)
Exports - commodities gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds fish and crawfish; rum, salt, chemicals; fruit and vegetables
Exports - partners Togo, UK, Italy, Netherlands, Germany, US, France (1998) US 35%, Spain 9.6%, Germany 7.8%, France 7.6%, Poland 5.3%, Switzerland 4.8%, Peru 4.2%, Paraguay 4.2% (2003)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 July - 30 June
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band three equal horizontal bands of aquamarine (top), gold, and aquamarine, with a black equilateral triangle based on the hoist side
GDP purchasing power parity - $37.4 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $5.049 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
36%

industry:
25%

services:
39% (2000 est.)
agriculture: 3%


industry: 7%


services: 90% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,900 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $16,700 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 3% (2000 est.) 0% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates 8 00 N, 2 00 W 24 15 N, 76 00 W
Geography - note Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake; northeasterly harmattan wind (January to March) strategic location adjacent to US and Cuba; extensive island chain of which 30 are inhabited
Heliports - 1 (2003 est.)
Highways total:
39,409 km

paved:
11,653 km (including 30 km of expressways)

unpaved:
27,756 km (1997)
total: 2,693 km


paved: 1,546 km


unpaved: 1,147 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
3.6%

highest 10%:
26.1% (1997)
lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for US and Europe; offshore financial center
Imports $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, mineral fuels; food and live animals
Imports - partners UK, Nigeria, US, Germany, Italy, Spain (1998) US 20.8%, South Korea 17.4%, Italy 11.4%, France 9.1%, Brazil 7.5%, Japan 5.6%, Venezuela 5.3% (2003)
Independence 6 March 1957 (from UK) 10 July 1973 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 4.2% (1996 est.) NA (2002 est.)
Industries mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing tourism, banking, e-commerce, cement, oil refining and transshipment, salt, rum, aragonite, pharmaceuticals, spiral-welded steel pipe
Infant mortality rate 56.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 25.7 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 31.73 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 19.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 22.8% (2000 est.) 1.7% (2002 est.)
International organization participation ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAS (observer), OAU, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNTAET, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOM, IOC, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land 60 sq km (1993 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; magistrates courts
Labor force 9 million (2000 est.) 156,000 (1999)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 60%, industry 15%, services 25% (1999 est.) agriculture 5%, industry 5%, tourism 50%, other services 40% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries total:
2,093 km

border countries:
Burkina Faso 548 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km
0 km
Land use arable land:
12%

permanent crops:
7%

permanent pastures:
22%

forests and woodland:
35%

other:
24% (1993 est.)
arable land: 0.8%


permanent crops: 0.4%


other: 98.8% (2001)
Languages English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga) English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants)
Legal system based on English common law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on English common law
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament (200 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 7 December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 100, NDC 92, PNC 3, CPP 1, independents 4
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (16-member body appointed by the governor general upon the advice of the prime minister and the opposition leader for five-year terms) and the House of Assembly (40 seats; members elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms); the government may dissolve the parliament and call elections at any time


elections: last held 1 May 2002 (next to be held by May 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - PLP 50.8%, FNM 41.1%, independents 5.2%; seats by party - PLP 29, FNM 7, independents 4
Life expectancy at birth total population:
57.24 years

male:
55.86 years

female:
58.66 years (2001 est.)
total population: 65.63 years


male: 62.21 years


female: 69.11 years (2004 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
64.5%

male:
75.9%

female:
53.5% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 95.6%


male: 94.7%


female: 96.5% (2003 est.)
Location Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo Caribbean, chain of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Florida, northeast of Cuba
Map references Africa Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine total:
6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 13,484 GRT/18,583 DWT

ships by type:
petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 4 (2000 est.)
total: 1,035 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 31,631,252 GRT/43,025,977 DWT


by type: bulk 165, cargo 188, chemical tanker 45, combination bulk 10, combination ore/oil 17, container 97, liquefied gas 27, livestock carrier 2, multi-functional large load carrier 4, passenger 108, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 163, refrigerated cargo 133, roll on/roll off 34, short-sea/passenger 18, specialized tanker 3, vehicle carrier 20


foreign-owned: Algeria 1, Australia 7, Belgium 14, Bermuda 1, Canada 4, Chile 1, China 4, Croatia 1, Cuba 3, Cyprus 14, Denmark 49, Estonia 1, Faroe Islands 1, Finland 9, France 21, Germany 13, Gibraltar 1, Greece 163, Hong Kong 9, India 1, Indonesia 3, Ireland 1, Israel 3, Italy 7, Japan 35, Kenya 2, South Korea 1, Latvia 1, Liberia 1, Malaysia 11, Malta 1, Monaco 68, Netherlands 29, New Zealand 1, Norway 231, Panama 2, Philippines 3, Poland 14, Reunion 1, Russia 1, Saudi Arabia 9, Singapore 13, Slovenia 1, Spain 6, Sweden 9, Switzerland 1, Thailand 1, Trinidad and Tobago 2


registered in other countries: 11 (2004 est.)
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police Force, Palace Guard, Civil Defense Royal Bahamas Defense Force (including Coast Guard)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $53 million (FY99) NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.7% (FY99) NA
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
4,890,483 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
2,713,584 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
213,237 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 6 March (1957) Independence Day, 10 July (1973)
Nationality noun:
Ghanaian(s)

adjective:
Ghanaian
noun: Bahamian(s)


adjective: Bahamian
Natural hazards dry, dusty, harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts hurricanes and other tropical storms cause extensive flood and wind damage
Natural resources gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower salt, aragonite, timber, arable land
Net migration rate -0.83 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -2.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines 0 km -
Political parties and leaders Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE [Owuraku AMOFA, chairman]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sarpong KUMA-KUMA]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Huudu YAHAYA, general secretary]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Samuel Arthur ODOI-SYKES]; People's Convention Party or PCP [P. K. DONKOH-AYIFI, acting chairman]; People's Heritage Party or PHP [Emmanuel Alexander ERSKINE]; People's National Convention or PNC [Edward MAHAMA] Free National Movement or FNM [Tommy TURNQUEST]; Progressive Liberal Party or PLP [Perry CHRISTIE]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 19,894,014

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
299,697


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line 31.4% (1992 est.) NA
Population growth rate 1.79% (2001 est.) 0.72% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors Takoradi, Tema Freeport, Matthew Town, Nassau
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 18, shortwave 3 (1999) AM 3, FM 5, shortwave 0 (2004)
Radios 4.4 million (1997) -
Railways total:
953 km (undergoing major rehabilitation)

narrow gauge:
953 km 1.067-m gauge (32 km double track) (1997 est.)
-
Religions indigenous beliefs 38%, Muslim 30%, Christian 24%, other 8% Baptist 32%, Anglican 20%, Roman Catholic 19%, Methodist 6%, Church of God 6%, other Protestant 12%, none or unknown 3%, other 2%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.91 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female


total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
poor to fair system; Internet accessible; many rural communities not yet connected; expansion of services is underway

domestic:
primarily microwave radio relay; wireless local loop has been installed

international:
satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors
general assessment: modern facilities


domestic: totally automatic system; highly developed


international: country code - 1-242; tropospheric scatter and submarine cable to Florida; 3 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (1997)
Telephones - main lines in use 200,000 (1998) 131,700 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular 30,000 (yearend 1998) 121,800 (2002)
Television broadcast stations 11 (1999) 2 (2004)
Terrain mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area long, flat coral formations with some low rounded hills
Total fertility rate 3.82 children born/woman (2001 est.) 2.23 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate 20% (1997 est.) 6.9% (2001 est.)
Waterways 1,293 km

note:
Volta, Ankobra, and Tano Rivers provide 168 km of perennial navigation for launches and lighters; Lake Volta provides 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways
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